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Balai Pustaka ((:ˈbalai pusˈtaka); also spelled Balai Poestaka, both meaning "Bureau of Literature") is the state-owned publisher of Indonesia and publisher of major pieces of Indonesian literature such as ''Salah Asuhan'', ''Sitti Nurbaya'' and ''Layar Terkembang''. Its head office is in Jakarta.〔 Founded in 1917 as the ''Kantoor voor de Volkslectuur'', Balai Pustaka was used by the Dutch colonial government as a means to control native Indonesians' access to information. After changing hands twice during the Indonesian war of independence, Balai Pustaka formally fell under the ownership of the Indonesian government. As of 2011, it is facing liquidation.〔 == History == On 14 September 1908 the Dutch colonial government established the Commission for People's Education and Reading ((オランダ語:Commissie voor de Inlandsche School en Volkslectuur)), later shortened to the Commission for People's Reading ((オランダ語:Commissie voor de Volkslectuur)). Along with the foundation of Boedi Oetomo, it served to bring formal education to native Indonesians.〔 At the time, numerous free presses existed, publishing work in either bazaar or Chinese Malay. These works were outside of the control of colonial government and considered harmful to public morals.〔 In order to provide "reading suitable for native Indonesians," the Commission was formalized as the Office for People's Reading ((オランダ語:Kantoor voor de Volklectuur)) in 1917. In 1918 it was renamed Balai Pustaka.〔 At first Balai Pustaka released Malay translations of popular novels from the West, including ''The Adventures of Tom Sawyer'', ''The Last of the Mohicans'', and ''Sans Famille''. It also published original, Malay-language short stories such as ''Penghibur Hati''. With the publication of ''Azab dan Sengsara'' in 1920, Balai Pustaka began publishing original novels.〔 During this time Balai Bahasa practiced strict censorship. Works such as ''Salah Asuhan'' were blocked from publication until they fulfilled the publisher's demands. It also required the use of formal Malay; this requirement led to a disproportionate number of Sumatran writers being published. During World War II and the Indonesian war of independence, control of Balai Pustaka changed hands twice. After the Dutch surrendered, the Japanese gave control of Balai Pustaka over to the native Indonesians. It was later retaken by the Dutch in July 1947, and then formally returned to Indonesian control in 1949 when the Dutch formally acknowledged Indonesia's independence. Currently, Balai Bahasa is a state-owned publisher. Aside from publishing books, it also prints the national exams for senior high, vocational, and junior high schools.〔 As of 2011, Balai Pustaka faces liquidation if it cannot turn a profit.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Balai Pustaka」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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